曼昆-经济学原理 11

Summary of Chapter 11 – Public Goods and Common Resources

关键词：

excludability: 排他性
rivalry in comsumption: 消耗中的对抗性
private goods: 私用物品
public goods: 公共品
common resource: 公用资源
free rider: 搭便车的人

Because public goods are not excludable, the free-rider problem prevents the private market from supplying them. The government, however, can potentially remedy the problem. If the government decides that the total benefits of a public good exceed its costs, it can provide the public good, pay for it with tax revenue, and make everyone better off.

When one person uses a common resource, he or she diminishes other people’s enjoyment of it. Because of this negative externality, common resources tend to be used excessively. The government can solve the problem by reducing use of the common resources through regulation or taxes. Alternatively, the government can sometimes turn the common resouces into private goods.

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